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Racial categories in the US , in particular the one-drop rule: When the supposedly defining biological notions of race stopped being a thing, race then morphed into an ascriptive "identity." 

Before that time, it was posited through a prism of whiteness that races had radically different genetic differences from each other which in turn dehumanized non white races, with different "scientific proofs" being adduced. 

Though some races, like blacks were also black, and this made classifying them a breeze, without knowing anything other things about particular individuals or groups. 

Later on, blacks became black, but only black. "Black" still had to mean something, though nobody actually knew precisely what that something was anymore, other than the fact that there was a group of people that easily could be identified as "black" upon visual inspection. 

Vitally, the one-drop rule remained and this significantly shapes "identity" in today’s world. 

With the one drop rule, the question of how black someone is rendered irrelevant (unless of course you want to raise such a question). If you're black, you're black. It is the same notion with other identities. You can have light ADHD, or you can even have a fictional disorder, and you can still identify yourself as disabled, with no more questioning being allowed lest it erases or denies you your "disabled" identity. 

A hint of disability is suffice. The one drop rule was able to streamline the process of identification.

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